Michael Lipschultz is a software engineer in IBM Watson, focused on AI-enhanced information retrieval solutions for the Watson Discovery Service. He has experience with user modeling and adaptation, natural language processing, and data analysis. Michael has a BS in computer science and mathematics from Pennsylvania State University, with minors in physics, statistics, and German. He has an MS and a PhD in computer science from the University of Pittsburgh. His research focus was on artificial intelligence in education and machine learning.